Ethics of selling body parts Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics of selling body parts - Research Paper Example There are many avenues both legal and illegal that human body products can be sold through. According to () the amount of money one receives for trading in human body parts is in proportional to the risk involved. This source of income can be tapped again and again. The global trade in organs opens a large market worldwide with both legal and ethical issues. Being a living laboratory compared to no other laboratory known it can produce products such as Kidneys, blood, ovum, sperms, hair, also prostitution is said to be trade in human body parts and others such as surrogacy. These body parts are are sold through illegal and legal avenues. The human baby is made from a biological combination of sperm and ovum, thus there is no product made from scratch by factories. Good percentage of people who want children are unable to get hence they are helped by science but the important ingredients have to be used. Infertility science has improved so much such that it has developed into a multib illion ventures for entrepreneurs in this business. Buying of biological fathers has been made easier with the availability of sperm banks. A client chose a biological father depending on personality, education, ethnicity among many other factors; this is because when woman buys a sperm she is buying that mans medical history and genes. Screening is thorough in the legal markets for sperms. Ovum donation also referred to as egg donation, involves risks of infection and injuries to the donor, though it is a fifteen minute operation. But even with the modern invitro fertilization methods, many implanted embryos fail to hatch in the recipient’s womb. This technology enables women who are barren to get children.egg donors earn monthly for every months work, they can earn between $3000-$8000 dollars a month, but this is not a task for the squeamish. Man’s obsession with beauty has opened a large market for hair business. There are options for auctioning ones hair. Hair trad e is a multimillion dollar business and probably hair is the easiest body part to harvest and even to sell, depending on the texture of the hair. Prostitution is the oldest trade in human body parts that is practiced the world over but this is a service product. Other human body parts traded in are, the kidneys and the heart, which are done through kidney and heart transplant respectively, it involves a lot of risks to both the donor and the recipient hence it is very expensive for the recipient. for the heart the donor cannot remain alive hence it has not gained popularity because it is 100% risky and very expensive for one to afford .it is not like kidney transplant where the risk is not much since only one kidney is removed. Others like surrogacy involves provision of raw materials for human life, the only body parts sold here the hormones responsible for baby formation, maintenance and renting of the womb. The surrogate mother undergoes a grueling experience for nine

Development Of Industrial Relations In Hong Kong Commerce Essay

Development Of Industrial Relations In Hong Kong Commerce Essay In responding to the question, I agree with that the organization of industrial relations in Hong Kong has been less formalized and less centralized. There are three critical factors influenced the development of the industrial relations in Hong Kong. In the following essay, there will be a definition and description on industrial relations and the role of trade unions in Hong Kong. And discuss the background of economic, political and institutional sociology environment in post colony Hong Kong that affecting the function of trade union. Industrial Relations and Trade Union The terms of Industrial Relations is used to define the relationship and interactions between the employees (workers) and employers (management) within the organizational settings. Those interactions or activities were involved all aspects of the employment relationship, human resource management, employee relations and union-management relations. The main parties to the employment relationship and the key actors are workers and workers organizations (usually trade union), employers and managers and also the state (Bacon, 2009). Since there have difference perspective among employers, employees (workers) and trade unions (workers organization), the industrial relation means different things to different people. For workers, they wants fairness of employment outcome, better pay, workplace safety, job security and training, while employer wants more efficiency, more productivity, more flexibility in the workforce. In general, trade unions have a wide range of beneficial outcome. They can be the actor to force managers improve human resources management practices, being the role of consulting, promoting job equal opportunities, increasing job satisfaction and reducing labour turnover. Meanwhile, trade unions also acted as a representative of employee to voice out their needs as well as express their views and interests in the workplace. Furthermore, they can create issues covering on the wages and working hours, to encourage employees to be better producers for their employers and ensure employers provide better working conditions for employee through the activities of collective bargaining and negotiation. Thus, industrial relations were often subject to joint regulation which required cooperation among employee and employer participation in decision making. However, in Hong Kong, union effects nowadays appear to have reduced obviously or just apply limited effect in some special circumstance. It probably caused by the change of industrial relations since World War II, under the governance of Colonial British rule for 150 years prior to Chinas sovereignty. Critical factors leading that influence trade unions in Hong Kong Economic Factors First of all, from the aspect of economic factors, entrepot trade was the mainstay economy in Hong Kong. Nevertheless, with the declined of entrepot trade, the sudden influx of refugees and the capital from Shanghai and other major Chinese cities transferred to Hong Kong that influenced the movement of unions in labour relation. With the expansion of manufacturing sector (such as clothing and electronics) that facilitate the semi-worker and the skill transferred among difference industries. Manufacturing activities have accounted for the large share of labour force together with other sector, such as restaurants and hotels, wholesale and retail, commerce and finance (Ng, 1984). At that time, Small firm of individual business provided more employment opportunities. Hong Kong has accomplished a high rate of economic growth with lower unemployment rate. Under this circumstance, union membership is low and the collective bargaining is practically non-existent. There was no incentive to recognize trade unions or bargain collectively within workers. In addition, the perception of British voluntaristic tradition, gentlement agreement among the workplace are more significant than collective agreements, the lacking of legal obligation of enforceable contract that allow employer adjust their labour force in accordance to adapt with the market condition (Chiu and Levin,1996). Meanwhile, the new economic structure only focused to fit the economist prescription in the organizational level in regard of employment relations. Government had adopting a non-interventionist policies in the social and economic sphere that had no intention to restructure the industry by implementing regulation, tax policies or subsidies, remains the lowest taxes among the world to preserve economy incentives (Tang, 1999). It had created a capitalist framework of the economy that encourage private sector to pursuit the market capitalism. Furthermore, the free market approach, Laisse-faire policies initiated by the government on economic activities only consist with minimal regulatory, no minimum wage legislation, no fixing prices. That means people can buy from whom they want, to sell from whom they buy and to invest they want or to hire whom they want, to work for whom they want (Tang, 1999). As a result, the collusion between government and employer that emerged conflictual interest between labour and capital that empower employer over the labour process and employment relations by bargaining between individual employers and workers.(Chiu and Levin, 1999). Moreover, trade union in Hong Kong are all in political orientated, they are only interested in realizing political objective rather than seeking economic benefit for the workers through establishing formal rule making arrangement with employer (Chiu and Levin, 1999) Political and Sociology Factors The nature of political agreement for Hong Kongs revision to China was maintained the British rule of economic governance. Under this old model, administration worked was closely worked with business community that to ensure the stability of social and economic environment. Such policies were also included public housing programme, comprehensive system of education, public health, subsidized in transport and social service. Colonial government approach of non intervention policy that allowed business elite integrated largely in governance the system of colonial Hong Kong by formulating public policies in responds to the interests and demands of the dominant resources controller and economic elites (Chiu and Nevin, 1996). In the wake of the economic environment, a magnitude domestic disturbance posed major crises of legitimacy, which alert the colonial government had to build a new basis of legitimacy in order to increase the commitment to voluntarism (Chiu and Nevin, 1999) Since the Hong Kong Government had made a formal commitment for the civil servant over the employment term and condition that initiated the practice trend of civil-service to private-sector approach. This kind of voluntarist framework had influenced the development of private sector to be more formalized in labour relations in civil service that resulting a process of both formal and informal pressures on the dependent and cultural expectation within the organization. Meanwhile, trade union being recognised by the colonial government and creating formal channels for their participation in decision making on terms and condition of employment which is more advanced than other private sector employers. (Chiu and Nevin, 1996) Through the expanding minimum standards of employment not solely for the capitalist but also coincide the interest for vulnerable categories of employees in the workforce. The birth of the international legislation for women and child labour and the enactment of the Employment Ordinance and its subsequent amendments were established in 1920 and 1966-67 respectively in order to maintain domestic stability and legitimacy. The policy are set for prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status (Chiu and Levin, 1996). In addition, the set up of Labour Department in 1947, the establishment of the Employment Ordinance in 1974 (Chiu and Levin, 1996) and the reform of political structure in 1980s, establishment of district boards with elected members to advise the government on the matters affecting the welfare of the district (Tang, 1999),begun elected seats onto the Legislative Council as the British and Chinese government negotiated for Hong Kongs future. Political parties representing grass-root and labour interest were able to exercise far more to influence in the legislature (Tang, 1999). Since it opened up of the political system, small business and firms, as well as labour groups were more active in competing for political support to advance interests. Besides that, the establish of the Trade Unions and Trade Disputes Ordinance, that allow multiple union to form in the same trade, industry or enterprise that facilitate unions fragmentation and reducing potential untied opposition from organize d labour to colonial rule. The approach of positive non-intervention taken by Labour Department, emphasised not to impose tight control over unions activities and political orientation. However, the behaviour of the trade unions FTU CTU in Hong Kong, always fall into opposite and competition position between two Chinese government (pro-Chinese Communist Party and pro-Kuomintang Party) rather than using their resources to enhance the interest of workers through their domestic political action. Cultural Factors : The cultural factors of Neo-Confucian ideological which suggests workers in Chinese society accept authoritarian management and avoid confrontation with the employer (Chan and Snape, 2000). The traditional Chinese cultural of paternalism and instrumental individualism in the work place, can be interpreted as the collectivistic particularism of the Chinese family (Ng, 1984) which is a concept of utilitarianistic familism that typically concerned about the interest of family over societal or other group interest, thus, they are low in participating of social involvement with co-workers and neighbour (Chiu and Nevin, 1999). Therefore, with these two ideologies among employee, employment just viewed as their secondary concern. The low level of social involvement of political apathy that underpinning the low level of participation in the unionization and collective action among workers. On the other hand, the practical exercise of Chinese workers preference unofficial methods and personal network to achieve their goals rather than in a formal channel. In addition, the rapid growth of labour population by the influx of refugee that had influenced the attitude and behaviour among the workplace as their primary interest was maximizing the income to get familial group survival. Main unions grouping in Hong Kong The unions in Hong Kong are encompassed with three main federations. The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Union (FTU), the largest union in Hong Kong and was established in 1947. Second is the pro-democracy Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU) was formed in 1990 and has been worked close with the Christian Industrial Committee (CIC) that focusing on labour education and advising workers on grievances. Third, is pro-nationalist Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (TUC), was established in 1948. There are also many difference independent unions which are smaller in specific sector, such as Hong Kong Chinese Civil Servants association (HKCCSA) and Hong Kong Professional Teachers Union (HKPTU). Traditionally, FTU have the role of taking an overly conciliatory line in labour disputes and focusing on the provision of welfare services to its members. However, it took a more moderate perspective that in line with Beijings conciliatory open door policy that not only participating in social affairs, striving for rights and benefit for workers but also promoting social stability and economic prosperity in Hong Kong. While CTU aims to build independent unions and encourage Hong Kong workers to see unions membership being about the protection of their interests (Snape and Chan,1997). The leadership of CTU was aimed to obtain the support from the grass-roots by effectively representing workers interests to government and to employers, playing a positive role in labour disputes by adopting an inclusive approach to unionization and desired to maintain stability which enable CTU is often cast in the role of trouble-shooter, and emphasizing the importance of CTUs political autonomy that to develop a political consciousness and to preserving trade union and other freedoms in Hong Kong. TUC, the association of KuoMinTang (KMT), affiliate has been seen as an expression of loyalty to the Nationalists. It displayed their influence mainly through their participation channel of communication with the government only. (Snape and Chan,1997) such as Labour Advisory Board. The leader of TUC has implemented low profile approach that in order to avoid anger Beijing. And the leadership were comes from the older age group that affecting the recruitment activity was more less than other unions and have been difficulties in recruiting younger workers. Implication However, accordance to the historical background, the effectiveness of trade union activities in Hong Kong is open to question. Given that the impact of Neo-Confucian, Chinese family and paternalism had influenced the mentality of Chinese workers and the first migrant generation, participated in the colonial educational system which limiting collective challenge towards colonial government should not be exaggerated. However, the combination of legislation and regulatory of voluntarism and the cultural perspective cannot be overlooked. This was not only influenced the institutions of family and education system but also foster the dominance of individual and instrumental labour market strategic. In accordance to its political background, governments non-intervention approach, collective bargaining in after world war II seems effective fro most of big business firms, however, the institutional environment had influenced the new form of modern labour organization in Hong Kong. That emerged the declined of labour movement and the new guild origins with a mutual aid function. From the aspect on welfare orientation, trade union acted as a principle agency between two rivalry Chinese parties, Kuomingtang and Chinese Communist Party. With tendency of enlarge their power and seeking the support from employer. However, it can lead to the reshape of industrial relation governance structure as well as trade union while the economic turn weak. In addition, trade union in Hong Kong can be viewed as mimetic as it replete with revolutionary and nationalistic movement. (Chiu and Levin, 1999) Under this circumstance, trade union lobbying benefit for worker are become ineffectiveness and gave the grounds for government and employer for resisting bargaining relations with the unions. Conclusion In general, trade unions role in other countries are concluding bargaining with employers for better pay, bonuses and allowance, better working conditions and more welfare benefit and try to get involve in the decision making are supported by employee. However, it doesnt not meant employee prefer representation and participation through trade union in Hong Kong. It can be interpreted due to the mentality difference among Hong Kong and others. The culturally conditioned fatalism and typically in-depth and influence employee in Hong Kong that lead to resistance of collective action (Chan and Snape, 2000). Besides the economic, political and sociological factors, employee apathetic to trade union can be seen as a key factor that influence trade union in Hong Kong became less formalized and less centralized.

20,000 Leagues under the Sea Review :: Jules Verne Twenty Thousand 20000

20,000 Leagues under the Sea Review â€Å"An enormous things, a long object, spindle shaped, occasionally phosphorescent, and infinitely larger and more rapid in its movements than a whale.† This novel has a setting. The story carries its protagonists across the surface of the globe to the South Pole and back, and far down into the depths of the oceans. The Nautilus itself is the true setting of the novel, it is the imaginative device that makes the action of the novel possible. Designed by Captain Nemo, the electrically powered Nautilus is two or three hundred feet long, capable of speeds far greater than surface ships of the day. Captain Nemo is one of the most fascinating characters in the novel. He’s a builder and engineer of the Nautilus submarine, another fascinating thing, he and his crew speak an unknown language. Professor Pierre Aronnax, assistant professor in Museum of Natural History in Paris, a cunning Frenchman narrating the story. And with the help of his servant, Mousier Counseil. 30 year old servant, â€Å"a true, devoted Flemish boy† who accompanied Aronnax in all his travels. And finally, Ned Land, a Canadian harpooner about 40 years old who joined Aronnax and Counseil on The Nautilus in search of the mysterious marine monster threatening the seas. The basic theme of 20,000 Leagues under the Sea is for people to understand how the unseen part of the world really is. Aronnax takes on the task of identifying and classifying every animal on the planet. Captain Nemo takes his strange submarine into places no man has ever been before, the depths of the ocean. Many life and death experiences made Ned Land feel uneasy about his new life aboard the Nautilus. He was determined to escape. Captain Nemo took them to many exquisite places. They experienced hunting and searching for pearls, VigLo Bay, a hollowed out volcano, and the underwater city of Atlantis. Captain Nemo took them to the

In The UK A Brownfield Site Architecture Essay

Recently brownfield sites have become popular due to the serious lack in the figure of greenfield infinites on manus for development. This is more outstanding in the built up countries where the demand for residential and commercial belongings is elevated. In 2008 the UK set a mark for brownfield developments. 60 % of all new houses were to be built on brownfield sites. Records show that we have already exceeded that mark and with the rate that we are repossessing brownfield sites at present we should significantly raise that per centum over the coming decennary. The utilizations for brownfield sites are non restricted to residential and commercial edifices. They are frequently considered for renovation into unfastened infinites for diversion, forest and assorted other community related countries. Reclaiming brownfield sites is at the bosom of the UK Sustainable Development Strategy. This â€Å" Development Strategy † incorporates an extended aggregation of economic, societal and environmental aims. Brownfield renovation cleans up environmental wellness jeopardies and eyesores and in making so it promotes community growing and regeneration. Managed efficaciously as a sustainable renovation strategy, Brownfield sites provide low-cost lodging, promote economic growing through locally sourced stuffs fostering local concern ‘ and trades, protect local wildlife and supply environmentally safe countries for households to bask. Furthermore, renovation of brownfield sites can give an country a make-over and can assist direct a message to the vicinity bespeaking the importance of saving and recycling.2.0 Brownfield Land Redevelopment StepsNow that the land has been chosen for the proposed development, a big athleticss Centre within a little town in Scotland, it is of import to set up whether or non the Brownfield site in inquiry is suited for such a development. The proposed site will affect the destruction of an bing edifice. Therefore all planning Torahs must be adhered to and the local planning governments must be notified in composing sketching the purposes for the proposed site. This is of import as particular licenses are required to repossess Brownfield sites. There are a figure of trials and surveies that must be carried out in order to obtain the needed information to find the extent of the decontamination steps required to fix the site.2.1 Demolition and Recycling Existing Building On-SiteIn order to maximize the sustainability of the development it is of import to place, separate and extinguish all risky stuffs from the dismantled waste. Furthermore any recyclables such as masonry debris and other stuffs should be extracted from the destruction waste and can be used in the concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. This promotes sustainable development by lending to the authorities sustainability aims of prudent usage of natural resources and protection of the environment. Using low embodied edifice stuffs reduces the CO2 emanations during the building procedure and besides has a positive consequence on the cost of the full undertaking as less waste is sent to expensive landfill. There are a figure of companies within the UK that specialise in building and destruction waste recycling and disposal. These companies work closely with â€Å" Site Waste Management Plans † guaranting that merely risky stuffs are disposed of and everything recyclable is reused.2.2 Designation of Hazardous MaterialsA big figure of stuffs are involved in any physique, hence, when a edifice is being demolished it is of import to place these risky stuffs and dispose of them safely so that they do non go a danger to anybody else in the hereafter. The edifice on the proposed site is a 150 twelvemonth old derelict masonry edifice. The bing edifice is to be demolished and any suited recyclables are to be used in building the new athleticss Centre and any concrete / asphalt or paved countries around the site. In order to place the assorted stuffs it is of import to set a sorting program in topographic point. This will guarantee merely reclaimable stuffs get reused and all risky stuffs are disposed of suitably. The history of the edifice plays a cardinal portion in the types of risky stuffs that can be expected to be found within the edifice. From the period the edifice was built a appropriately qualified professional can reason that the edifice shell itself will lend assorted risky stuffs to the list for safe disposal. These are likely to include asbestos, insularity stuffs, froths incorporating CFC ‘s ( Chlorofluorocarbons ) that are harmful to the O-Zone bed, roofing felts and bitumen. An applied scientist will besides look into the infinite within the edifice to find what risky stuffs may hold been associated with the assorted utilizations of the edifice. The derelict edifice in inquiry was originally used as a fabric mill and subsequently a furniture mill. This would bespeak that risky stuffs such as varnishes, gums, sealers, resin-based floorings and wood treated with chemicals or preservatives may be present from that period of the edifices life-time. In recent decennaries the edifice was used as a truck fix store. This might propose that there may be some taint from oil or lubricators, crude oil and any spillage from auto / truck batteries. It is really of import to prove for the presence of these substances and more as placing the presence of risky stuff is the first measure to decontaminating the site.2.3 Further ProbeFollowing probe into the edifice to be demolished, trials must be carried out on the status of the dirt around the site. It is of import to observe that all Brownfield site renovations come manus in manus with rigorous environmental issues. As a consequence it is recommended that an suitably experient environmental adviser is used. The environmental adviser will hold background cognition of Brownfield developments and will adequately look into any environmental hazards. First they will set about a desk top reappraisal of the proposed site by garnering all historical information available. This may associate to former quarrying or landfill in the country. Second they will fix an environmental assessment study. Contained within this study will be the consequences from extended proving for risky compounds within the dirt, land H2O and surface H2O. If the findings of the study are positive and support renovation on the site, the following measure is redress and riddance of risky stuffs.2.4 Remediation / Elimination of Hazardous MaterialsNow that the assorted risky stuffs have been identified, it is clip to categorise and split them so that they can be safely disposed of. This is what ‘s known as redress. The destruction of the edifice itself should be the concluding measure when uncluttering the site. Initially the edifice should be stripped down with careful consideration given to how each stuff is classed and whether it can be recycled or disposed of. This includes all loose stuff, fixtures, adjustments, Windowss, doors, warming and electrical systems and roofing. Once this has been categorized and divided all that should be left is the edifice skeleton and foundations for safe destruction Up until a few old ages ago redress of Brownfield sites was an expensive procedure. However, recent new redress engineerings have emerged and are cheaper than the more traditional methods. They include:Bioremediation – This utilises the natural procedures of autochthonal bacteriums, micro-organisms, workss, enzymes and Fungis to destruct or neutralize toxins and contaminations.Phytoremediation – This procedure uses workss. The can hive away contaminations in their foliages and roots ( bioaccumulation ) . Some contaminations such as heavy metals can be harvested and mined for reuse ( phytomining ) .In-situ Chemical Oxidation – This procedure injects O or chemical oxidizers into the contaminated dirt or H2O to destruct harmful compounds.2.5 Recycling Masonry RubbleWith a undertaking like this there is serious demand for concrete / asphalt and pavings around the development. Fortunately with the destruction of the bing derelict masonry edifice, a batch of the demand s can be met utilizing recycled masonry debris from the bing edifice. When utilizing recycled masonry debris from destructions such as this it is of import to guarantee that the debris is free from contaminations. Once this is done, the debris is so graded into sums. This is a simple procedure that involves sieve like machines that vibrate, dividing the assorted sized sums and roll uping them with aggregative stuff of similar sizes. The sums can so be used in assorted locations around the site depending on their size and categorization. It is of import to observe that the quality of recycled masonry rubble meets the demand for usage in building roads. Strenuous proving and categorising is required on the sums that are intended for concrete usage within the edifice in order to guarantee the consistence is sufficient. Lightweight sum does non run into demands for usage as a secondary concrete sum as the bulk of masonry stuffs are excessively soft and will adversely impact the strength of concrete merchandises.2.6 Access Roads and PavementsThe bing edifice will hold a figure of entree roads already in topographic point. These roads will hold to be excavated and in maintaining with the sustainable design of the proposed edifice and usage of recycle stuffs in the new physique it is merely suiting that the excavated asphalt should besides be recycled and form portion of the new entree roads and pavings around the site. The industry of asphalt it a really energy expensive procedure as the stuffs involved must be heated to really high temperatures in order to blend together. Therefore, the usage of recycled asphalt for route toppings around the site will hold a cost benefit to the undertaking every bit good as a positive impact on the environment.3.0 Proposed Sports Centre ComplexThe proposed athleticss Centre will be built utilizing low embodied, recycled stuffs where possible paying peculiar attending to the energy public presentation of the edifice. The edifice design will take inactive solar warming into consideration with cleverly positioned Windowss and landscaping throughout the site supplying equal shelter from the elements during the winter months. Sourcing stuffs locally cuts down on conveyance costs over big distances. This automatically reduces C emanations and besides supports the local industry guaranting occupations and community growing. This will be a cardinal constituent in the sustainable edifice of the proposed athleticss Centre.3.1 FoundationsThe best foundation for the proposed athleticss Centre is a raft foundation. Due to the size and graduated table of the proposed physique a raft foundation will let the weight of the edifice to be transferred to the land over a greater country and besides provide a degree surface for which to construct upon. It is of import that there is equal steel support in the concrete to battle land motion. When the recycled masonry debris is graded into sums, some of these sums will be suited for usage in the concrete raft foundation. Recycled concrete sums can replace up to 20 % of virgin sum in concrete within the commissariats set out in BS 8500-2.3.2 Structural Framing / Building SkeletonThe most efficient manner to construct the proposed athleticss Centre edifice is utilizing a steel framed building. The steel construction would run into the spacial demands of the chief athleticss hall, high ceilings with long spans and column free infinite to suit an indoor football pitch or hoops tribunal. Recycled steel would be appropriate here as steel can be used infinite times with no negative affects to its strength or public presentation.3.3 Wall Build-UpOnce the foundations and steel construction are in topographic point it is clip to believe about the external wall construct up. Given the intended usage of the athleticss hall it is of import to utilize a stuff that will non merely be su stainable in its building and difficult erosion but besides have an acoustic quality as the noise generated within the athleticss hall when it ‘s occupied will be of an elevated nature and could interrupt the environing populace. There is a broad array of merchandises available such as concrete blocks with 50 % coarse sums replaced with plastic while still supplying equal strenght but all things considered, I would propose an aerated concrete block. These are among the most environmentally friendly edifice merchandises available. They are formed from recycled stuffs. One of which is Pulverised Fuel Ash ( PFA ) , this is an ineluctable byproduct of the coal-burning power coevals procedure which is usually stockpiled in immense unsightly hills or is dumped at sea. Further heightening the sustainability of this merchandise is the fact that no stuff goes to blow, anything left over when a batch is made automatically goes into the following mix. Besides due to the lightweight of the stuff, more can be loaded onto a individual lorry cut downing the CO2 emanations produced in conveyance and rushing up building. The pit should be 100mm partly filled with natural wool insularity or a similar sanctioned natural insularity or recycled insularity system. The external face of the edifice should be clad with recycled bricks tied back to the internal foliage with acoustically approved wall ties.3.4 Floor Build-UpEach country of the athleticss Centre will necessitate a different finish depending on the proposed usage. The response for case will necessitate to supply a warm and welcoming atmosphere, this can be achieved utilizing rug. Recycled rug is available, this is formed from recycled stuff such as plastic, wool, cotton or nylon and laid on a recycled gum elastic carpet pad. The gum elastic could be derived from any scrap Surs staying on the site from the truck fix store. The changing suites will necessitate a difficult floor which is imperviable to H2O. Many green options are available such as recycled ceramic floor tiles and eco-friendly gum elastic floor tiles. A survey should be undertaken of the concern ‘ in the country in order to make up one's mind which stuff is easiest to obtain with the chase of sustainability in head. If there is a prey nearby it might be an thought to look into rock as a possible stuff for the flooring in difficult have oning countries. Stone has a natural, dateless beauty and a feeling of solid quality which is difficult to fit with any other type of stuff. Unfortunately due to the costs associated with rock it may non be a plausible stuff as it is by no means the cheapest type of shocking to put in or keep. The flooring in the athleticss hall is a specific type of shocking stuff. It has a figure of functional demands associated with it. It must be lasting, smooth and somewhat soft to forestall serious hurt. An ideal surface therefore, would be a gum elastic based surface which can be formed from any bit tyres found on the site. This is a cost good procedure as it is a sustainable usage for the waste gum elastic intending it is non necessary to pay for the safe disposal of the fresh Surs. The recycled gum elastic surface should so sit on some stiff insularity such as woodwool, mineral./rock wool or expanded or extruded polystyrene to increase the thermic public presentation.3.5 Roof ConstructionFor the proposed athletics Centre I would propose a green roof. A ‘Green Roof ‘ is a roof that has a vegetated covering planted over a waterproofing membrane. The roof consists of assorted beds, each with its ain map. The assorted beds cater for drainage, wet, root protection and filte ring. Green roofs have many benefits over traditional or conventional roofs. They offer a longer roof life span, increased acoustic public presentation, improved thermic public presentation in the winter and heat shielding in the summer and as they are populating organisms they retain and store 90 % of rain and storm H2O and return it to the ambiance by agencies of vaporization.3.6 Energy Performance of the BuildingA cardinal characteristic of this edifice is the inordinate usage of recycled and sustainable stuffs in the building. This has a positive consequence on the environment guaranting minimum CO2 emanations are generated in the industry of the stuffs. This is an admirable pattern and it sends a clear message to developers that the usage of recyclables can hold good executions for both the undertaking budget and besides the environment. It is of import to keep this aim throughout the edifices life-time. This can be done by implementing micro renewable engineerings during the building procedure. A edifice of this graduated table is frequently associated with big energy measures. With the monetary values of oil escalating and the UK ‘s dependence on fossil fuels at a extremum, it is critical that this edifice incorporates as many micro renewable engineerings as possible in order to drive the running costs down to a manageable degree. I would strongly propose the usage of solar photovoltaic cells ( PV ) and wind turbines to bring forth electricity along with wood fuelled boilers ( biomass ) connected to a cardinal warming system as the most relevant micro coevals engineerings that a edifice of this nature could profit from.4.0 Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems4.1 Introduction to SudsSustainable urban drainage systems are a new environmentally friendly manner of covering with surface H2O run-off. Traditional drainage strategies lead to deluging, cause pollution and are by and large more expensive to put in. Surface H2O no longer has the chance to soak into the land, alternatively it is collected in a web of pipes along with any contaminations such as oil, solid affair or toxic metals it may pick up along the manner and it is discharged into the nearest rivers or watercourses. Sustainable urban drainage systems replicate natural drainage methods. Water run-off is collected and stored to let natural cleansing to happen prior to infiltration or controlled release to watercourses. As a consequence they prevent pollution, control implosion therapy, recharge land H2O in the natural H2O tabular array and heighten the environment. There are for chief design options. These are:Filter Strips and SwalesFilter Drains and Permeable SurfacesInfiltration DevicessBasins and PondsIt is of import to observe that depending on the needed public presentation of the sustainable urban drainage system, a combination of two or more design options may necessitate to be incorporated in order to accomplish a suited drainage solution.4.2 Filter Strips and SwalesFilter strips and swales are vegetated surface characteristics that drain H2O equally off impermeable countries. Swales are long shallow channels whilst filter strips are gently inclining countries of land.4.3 Filter Drains and Permeable SurfacesFilter drains and permeable surfaces are devices that have a volume of permeable stuff below land to hive away surface H2O. Water run-off flows to a storage country via a permeable surface such as gravelled paving countries or solid pavement blocks with spreads between the single units. When the H2O falls it passes through the surfa ce to the permeable fill in the filter drain. This so allows the storage, intervention, conveyance and infiltration of the H2O ensuing in clean uncontaminated H2O being returned to land.4.4 Infiltration DevicessInfiltration devices drain H2O straight into the land. They may be used either at beginning or instead the overflow can be conveyed in a pipe or swale to the infiltration country. They include soakaways, infiltration trenches and infiltration basins every bit good as swales, filter drains and pools. Infiltration devices can be integrated into and organize portion of the landscaped countries.4.5 Basins and PondsBasins and pools store H2O at the land surface, either as impermanent implosion therapy of dry basins and inundation fields, or lasting pools. These constructions can be designed to pull off H2O measure and quality.4.6 Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemsThere are a figure of benefits to put ining a sustainable drainage system as opposed to a traditional / con ventional system. For illustration the cost of linking to ramp cloacas and public drains is avoided and care is simple and inexpensive. Care can be carried out by landscaping contractors without the demand of skilled applied scientists and heavy machinery. When clean filtrated H2O is distributed back to the site it gives the natural flora a opportunity to boom and can make a really pleasant environment for everyone to bask.4.7 Proposed Sustainable Urban Drainage SystemA athleticss Centre will necessitate a figure of difficult surfaces to provide for auto parking. I would propose utilizing solid pavement blocks for the surface in the auto parking countries. A spread must be left between each block leting H2O to filtrate through to an under the surface storage drain which runs to a designated country such as a vegetated or green country. This rainfall run-off safeguard must be implemented in the initial design phase. I would besides propose soak holes / soakaways around the site to filtrate any H2O collected in downpipes around the edifice. With the current clime that we live in it has to be expected that significant rain will fall each twelvemonth. As such, a well designed sustainable drainage system can understate implosion therapy and any incommodiousness that may be caused during times of high rain autumn.5.0 DecisionThe purpose of the brief for this study was to critically analyse and measure the possibilities of renovation on a brownfield site with the destruction of an bing derelict masonry industrial edifice and the building of a new athleticss Centre using as many of the recycled stuffs from the destruction as possible. I approached this undertaking somewhat blind with my basic cognition of brownfield renovation. After researching the subject further I discovered all the environmental benefits environing brownfield renovation. With the worsening handiness of greenfield sites and the turning demand for lodging and community growing, brownfield renovation has got to be at the top of the list where possible in order to continue what natural countries are left. Furthermore edifice on brownfield sites removes unsightly and frequently unsafe creaky edifices and gives local countries a opportunity to renew and make a new image. Decontaminating brownfield sites in a specialized undertaking but the remotion of risky stuffs makes it a safer environment for all concerned. Fortunately new techniques for redress of contaminated sites have made it cheaper. This can be appetising for possible developers looking to spread out their belongings portfolio and as a consequence it can hold a knock on consequence within a community bring forthing occupations and concern for local trade. The brief stated that stuffs from the destruction of the bing masonry industrial edifice must be recycled and used in the building of the new athletics Centre. When the list of stuffs that could be recycled in the bing edifice was broken down, it was found that about everything could lend in some manner to the new physique. This impacts on the budget for the undertaking and in maintaining with the UK ‘s C emanation decrease marks later cuts down on any CO2 emanations that would hold been produced in the industry of virgin stuff. The usage of micro-technologies would suit in good with the overall thought of a athleticss Centre as in my sentiment a athleticss Centre implies wellness and wellbeing which can be related back to the footings â€Å" clean † and â€Å" green energy † associated with these methods and the environment. The execution of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems permits the safe return of clean irrigated H2O back to the dirt. The benefits of cost and minimum care entirely speak for themselves. With four chief design options available I feel it is of import to include at least one system as a drainage solution on sites such as this within little towns in order to continue the local wildlife and let flora to boom free from H2O pollution. All in all I feel that this undertaking were it to be undertake would be really executable. Most of the costs for would come from decontaminating the site. The physique itself would turn out to be cheaper with recycled stuffs already available on-site and given the nature of the proposed athleticss Centre I would non anticipate any issues with the local community as it will supply a safe location for kids and grownups likewise to hang out. The sustainable nature of the proposed physique besides indicates that this edifice is encompassing programs to travel frontward into a greener hereafter and it may put a case in point for future green development within the country.6.0 MentionsBrown, G. , ( 24th September 2007 ) . Gordon Browns First Speech to the Labour Conference as Party Leader. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7010664.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Biomass . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/biomass/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Ground Source Heat Pumps. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/ground/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar PV. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solarpv/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Solar Hot Water. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/solartherm/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Small Scale Hydro. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/hydro/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department of Energy and Climate Change. Low Carbon Building Program, Wind Turbines. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcarbonbuildings.org.uk/micro/wind/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. The Environment – Waste and Recycling – What Happens to Waste – Construction Waste. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/construction/ [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Kelly, R. , ( 13th September 2006 ) . â€Å" Zero-Carbon † Homes Plan Unveiled. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6176229.stm [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Transport, Local Government and The Regions – Issue 11. Making Zero-Carbon Communities. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Transport, % 20Local % 20Government % 20and % 20t he % 20Regions & A ; id=293 & A ; content_name=Social % 20Housing % 20and % 20Construction % 20incorporating % 20The % 20Carbon % 20Challenge & A ; article=8879 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Lomas, J. , ( 13th December 2007 ) . Public Service Review: Cardinal Government – Issue 15. Meeting the Challenge. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publicservice.co.uk/article.asp? publication=Central % 20Government & A ; id=287 & A ; content_name=Sustainable % 20Housing % 20and % 20Regeneration & A ; article=8680 [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]New Forest Passage, ( October 2009 ) . Interesting in Generating Your Own Energy? . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newforesttransition.org/index.php? /archives/2009/10/12.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]Sheffield City Council. Sustainable Housing – Code For Sustainable Homes. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sheffield.gov.uk/ ? pgid=67894 & A ; fs=b [ Accessed twenties September 2009 ]Sustainable Build. Types of Construction, Wood Frame Construction. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/ConstructionWoodFrame.html [ Accessed twenty September 2009 ]

Love is stronger than hate Essay

Nobody who has either heard or seen the tale of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† can deny that two of the strongest themes found within it are love and hate – in many different forms. Even in the beginning of the play, this is made known to the audience, primarily by the lines, â€Å"From forth the fated loins of these two foes, A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life† (Prologue). This clearly shows both the hatred and love which can be found, but is not the only example. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† not only has the love between the two main characters, but the brotherly love and sinister hatred between many others. It is harder to say whether love or hate is more prominent in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, but love plays an extremely important role – especially when the two lovers meet for the first time. Right away, Romeo is awestruck at Juliet’s beauty, proclaiming, â€Å"Did my heart love til now? Forswear it, sight! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night!† (I.v). Although he claims to be ‘in love’ with Rosaline, he becomes a victim of falling ‘in love at first sight’. This love is certainly not unrequited love though – although Juliet did not even know his name, she still asks, â€Å"Go ask his name. If he be married, my grave is to be like my wedding bed† (I.v). Clearly, she is already so much in love that she shall ‘die from grief’ if she finds out Romeo is already married. Although Romeo is in love with Juliet so much that he refuses to fight his one-time enemy, the murder of a close friend (whether accidental or not) forces a violent reaction out of him. When originally ‘taunted’ by Tybalt, he refuses to fight, saying, â€Å"I do protest I have never injured thee, but love thee better than thou canst devise†¦And so, good Capulet†¦be satisfied† (III.i). He further continues in this way, by saying, â€Å"Gentle Mercutio, put thy rapier up† (III.i). However, Tybalt does not listen to reason, as was proven earlier on by his stating, â€Å"Peace? I hate the word as I hate hell, all Montagues, and thee† (I.i). Onlookers to the fight cannot deny, although Romeo starts off with no intention to fight, he turns violent at the slaying of Mercutio. Challenging Tybalt, he shouts, â€Å"Either thou, or I, or both, must go with him† (III.i). It is at this point that both the hatred for Tybalt, and his love for Mercutio, overpower him, resulting in the murder of Tybalt. The constant feuding the Montagues and the Capulets is well known to the citizens of Verona – it is a common practice. In street fights, even the heads of the houses cannot stay out of it, with Capulet demanding, â€Å"My sword, I say! Old Montague is come† (I.i). These fights force the Prince to step in, telling them it has to stop and stating, â€Å"Three civil brawls, bred of an airy word by thee, Old Capulet and Montague† (I.i). Even the citizens of Verona are aware of the fact that the feuding is on-going. This is one of the major examples of the hatred that is present throughout the play. It is a wonder that Romeo and Juliet were able to overcome this hate, but both were able to accomplish it. Juliet, in one of the most famous scenes from the play, says, â€Å"Deny thy father and refuse thy name. Or if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, and I’ll no longer be a Capulet† (II.ii). She then goes on to say, â€Å"‘Tis but thy name which is my enemy†¦What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. So Romeo would, were he not Romeo called† (II.ii). Juliet is asking herself about the differences between the Capulets and the Montagues, and saying that it does not matter about their backgrounds. All that matters is their love for each other. It is their love for each other, certainly, which makes the two lovers kill themselves. It is a much harder thing to kill yourself than to kill others – killing yourself make sit final, whereas killing others, while still hard, is slightly easier, as they have motivations, and sometimes also hatred for the person. The death of Mercutio, and in turn the death of Tybalt is an example of that, where Romeo states in anger, â€Å"Alive and triumph, and Mercutio slain! Away to heaven respective lenity, And fire-eyed fury be my conduct now† (III.i). However, both Romeo and Juliet killed themselves due to the strong love they both felt for each other. Overall, it is hard to say which is the stronger emotion – love or hate. Personally, I believe that love is stronger than hate, but it is really a matter of opinion – there is evidence to support both sides all throughout the play. One of the main things supporting that love is stronger than hate  is Juliet’s reaction at finding out who Romeo is. She says to herself, â€Å"My only love, sprung from my only hate! To early seen unknown, and known too late! Prodigious birth of love it is to me, that I must love a loathed enemy† (I.v).